grammar的词源
英文词源
- grammar
- grammar: [14] Etymologically, grammar is the ‘art of letters’. The word comes via Anglo- Norman gramere, Old French gramaire, and Latin grammatica from Greek grammatiké, a noun use of the adjective grammatikós ‘of letters’ (whence English grammatical [16]). This was a derivative of the noun grámma ‘something written’, hence ‘letter of the alphabet’, which was related to the verb gráphein ‘write’ (source of English graphic) and also gave English gram and the suffix -gram that appears in a wide range of English words, from anagram and diagram to telegram and kissagram.
=> glamour, gram, graphic - grammar (n.)
- late 14c., "Latin grammar, rules of Latin," from Old French gramaire "grammar; learning," especially Latin and philology, also "(magic) incantation, spells, mumbo-jumbo" (12c., Modern French grammaire), an "irregular semi-popular adoption" [OED] of Latin grammatica "grammar, philology," perhaps via an unrecorded Medieval Latin form *grammaria. The classical Latin word is from Greek grammatike (tekhne) "(art) of letters," referring both to philology and to literature in the broadest sense, fem. of grammatikos (adj.) "pertaining to or versed in letters or learning," from gramma "letter" (see -gram). An Old English gloss of it was stæfcræft (see staff (n.)).
A much broader word in Latin and Greek; restriction of the meaning to "systematic acount of the rules and usages of language" is a post-classical development. Until 16c. limited to Latin; in reference to English usage by late 16c., thence "rules of a language to which speakers and writers must conform" (1580s). Meaning "a treatise on grammar" is from 1520s. For the "magic" sense, compare gramary. The sense evolution is characteristic of the Dark Ages: "learning in general, knowledge peculiar to the learned classes," which included astrology and magic; hence the secondary meaning of "occult knowledge" (late 15c. in English), which evolved in Scottish into glamour (q.v.).
A grammar-school (late 14c.) originally was a school for learning Latin, which was begun by memorizing the grammar. In U.S. (1842) the term was put to use in the graded system for a school between primary and secondary where English grammar is one of the subjects taught. The word is attested earlier in surnames (late 12c.) such as Robertus Gramaticus, Richard le Gramarie, whence the modern surname Grammer.
中文词源
在古希腊和古罗马时期，语法就已经成为学校教育中的一个重要科目，属于“七艺”（逻辑、语法、修辞、数学、几何、天文、音乐）之一。表示“语法”的英语单词grammar就来自希腊语grammatike（文字的、字母的），是gramma（字母）的形容词，而gramma则来自graphein（画、写）。希腊语grammatike在拉丁文中拼写为grammatica，进入法语后变为gramaire，最后演变为英语单词grammar。来源相同的英语单词还有diagram（图表）、graph（图形）、program（程序）。
grammar：['græmə] n.语法，文法，语法书
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：grammar 词源，grammar 含义。
来自gram, 刻，写，后指文字，字母。该词在中世纪有魔咒，神秘学等词义，见其拼写变体glamour. 现该词主要指语言学习，语法。
这个词起源于希腊语的gramma，意思是“字母”。希腊语把“语法”叫作gramrnatike teche，意思是“字母的技巧”。这个词进入拉丁语后写作grammatica，进入古法语写作grammaire，进入英语后写作grammar。
在英国，有许多世纪拉丁语是作为上流社会的语言的，而这个时期，grammar也仅仅指拉丁语的语法而已，是当时受教育者的最重要的一门课程。
美国至今仍有grammar school（初级中学），其中一项主要的训练内容就是拉丁语法。
词根词缀： -gram-(m双写)写,画 + -ar人或物
