gorilla的词源

英文词源

gorilla

gorilla: [19] The first we hear of gorilla is as a word used in a Greek translation of the 5thcentury BC Carthaginian explorer Hanno’s account of a voyage to West Africa. He reported encountering there a tribe of wild hairy people, whose females were, according to a local interpreter, called goríllas. In 1847 the American missionary and scientist Thomas Savage adopted the word as the species name of the great ape Troglodytes gorilla, and by the 1850s it had passed into general use.

gorilla (n.)

1847, applied to a species of large apes (Troglodytes gorills) by U.S. missionary Thomas Savage, from Greek gorillai, plural of name given to wild, hairy beings (now supposed to have been chimpanzees) in a Greek translation of Carthaginian navigator Hanno's account of his voyage along the northwest coast of Africa, c. 500 B.C.E. Allegedly an African word.

In its inmost recess was an island similar to that formerly described, which contained in like manner a lake with another island, inhabited by a rude description of people. The females were much more numerous than the males, and had rough skins: our interpreters called them Gorillae. We pursued but could take none of the males; they all escaped to the top of precipices, which they mounted with ease, and threw down stones; we took three of the females, but they made such violent struggles, biting and tearing their captors, that we killed them, and stripped off the skins, which we carried to Carthage: being out of provisions we could go no further. [Hanno, "Periplus"]

Of persons perceived as being gorilla-like, from 1884.

中文词源

gorilla（大猩猩）：迦太基航海家在西非见到的多毛野人

公元前5世纪，一位名叫汉诺（hanon）的迦太基航海家率领一支船队沿着非洲西海岸向南探险并写了一本游记。希腊人将他所写的游记翻译成了希腊语。在游记中汉诺写道，他们来到一个小岛，岛上有很多长毛野人，雌性多于雄性，皮肤粗糙。当地的黑人向导将这些野人称为gorillai。汉诺等人想抓捕几只野人，但雄性野人非常敏捷地爬到了悬崖顶上，一只也没抓住。最后只抓住了三只雌性野人。但这些野人拼命挣扎，又撕又咬。汉诺等人只好杀死了它们，把它们的皮毛带回了迦太基。

20多世纪后，一位名叫萨维奇（Savage，意为野人）的美国医生兼传教士前往西非传教。1847年，他从西非返回美国，带来了一些某种类似巨人的动物的骨头。他与一名同事给这种动物起了个拉丁学名叫做Troglodytes gorilla，Troglodytes 是“穴居人”的意思，而gorilla即来源于汉诺的叙述。英语单词gorilla（大猩猩）就来自拉丁语gorilla。

看到这里，很多人也许会想到，汉诺等人发现的野人可能就是大猩猩。不过，也有人根据这些野人被捕获后还有机会又撕又咬的事实推测，它们可能是体型较小的黑猩猩（chimpanzee），而非我们原先认为的大猩猩。

gorilla：[gə'rɪlə] n.大猩猩

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：gorilla 词源，gorilla 含义。

gorilla：大猩猩

来自非洲土著语。