gerrymander的词源

英文词源

gerrymanderyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
gerrymander: [19] The story goes that in 1812 the governor of Massachusetts, Elbridge Gerry, instituted some electoral boundary changes favourable to his party, the Democrats. When a painter named Stuart saw these outlined on a map in the office of a newspaper editor, he remarked that the resulting area resembled a salamander in shape. ‘A gerrymander, you mean!’ replied the editor – and the term caught on for ‘unfair manipulation of constituency boundaries’.
gerrymander (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1812, "arrange political pisions in disregard of natural boundaries so as to give one party an advantage in elections," also from 1812 as a noun, American English, from name of Elbridge Gerry + (sala)mander. Gerry, governor of Massachusetts, was lampooned when his party redistricted the state in a blatant bid to preserve an Antifederalist majority. One sprawling Essex County district resembled a salamander, and a newspaper editor dubbed it the Gerrymander. Related: Gerrymandered; gerrymandering.
[T]he pision of this county into districts has given an opportunity for a Caracatura stamped at Boston and freely circulated here called the Gerrymander. The towns as they lie are disposed as parts of a monster whose feet and claws are Salem and Marblehead. It is one of those political tricks which have success as far as they go. [William Bentley, diary, April 2, 1812]

中文词源

gerrymander(弄虚作假):为政党利益而改划选区的美国州长杰瑞

英语单词gerrymander(弄虚作假)由单词gerry+mander组成,是由美国州长埃尔布利•杰瑞(Elbridge Gerry)的姓氏和 salamander(蝾螈)组合而成的。这个词的产生与Elbridge Gerry为了操纵选举而改划选区的行为有关。

我们知道,美国的选举是按照选区进行的,每个选区根据其人口数量拥有不同的选票。竞选人只要在该选区获胜,就能赢得该选区的所有选票。各选区投票结束后,统计竞选人所赢得的所有选票,得票总数多者为最后的胜者。因此,选区的划分对于最终结果具有重要的影响。同样的支持率,在不同的选区划分下,最终产生的结果可能有天壤之别,尤其是当竞争者旗鼓相当时,选区的划分就更加重要了。

1812年,美国马萨诸塞州的州长杰瑞为了帮助自己所在的党派获胜,就滥用职权,颁布法令,对选区进行重新划分,各选区被有意地划成七扭八怪的形状。为了揭露和讽刺这种操纵选举的伎俩,漫画家吉尔伯特·斯图尔特(Gilbert Stuart)在报纸上发表了一幅漫画,将改划后的选区地区夸张地画成了一条蝾螈(salamander),将其命名为Gerry-mander(杰瑞蝾螈)。英语单词gerrymander便是从此而来,用来表示这种为了操纵选举而刻意改划选区的做法,后来词义拓展,泛指各种为了特定结果而刻意设置、变更规则、条件的做法。

gerrymander:['dʒerɪ,mændə] n.v.为了政党利益而不公正地改划选区;为特定结果而刻意设置、变更规则、条件的做法

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:gerrymander 词源,gerrymander 含义。

gerrymander:不公正的划分选区

来自19世纪初美国马萨诸萨邦州长Elbridge Gerry,其为了获取更多选票,把选区进行人为的划分,被嘲笑新选区看起来如同一只salamander, 因此据此合成了该词。

gerrymander:不公正地划分选区(或政治区域);弄虚作假

gerrymander是个合成词,由gerry+mander组成,gerry是1812年时美国马萨诸塞州的州长,为确保民主共和党在州议会选举赢得更多议席,刻意将州议会选区重重新划分,被重新划分的一个选区的样子很像一只蝾螈salamander,Gerry的政敌就制造了gerrymander这个词来与gerry作对。