genius的词源
英文词源
- genius
- genius: [16] Latin genius originally meant ‘deity of generation and birth’. It came ultimately from the Indo-European base *gen- ‘produce’ (source of English gene, generate, genitive, etc), probably via a derivative *gnjos. It broadened out considerably in meaning, initially to ‘attendant spirit’, the sense in which English originally acquired it (French took it over as génie, a word which, because of its phonetic and semantic similarity to Arabic jinn, 18th-century translators of the Arabian nights eagerly adopted into English as genie).
The main modern English sense, ‘person of outstanding intellectual ability’, which dates from the 17th century, goes back to a comparatively rare Latin ‘intellectual capacity’. Genial [16] comes from Latin geniālis, a derivative of genius, which again originally meant ‘of generation and birth’ (a sense which survived into English: ‘And thou, glad Genius! in whose gentle hand the bridal bower and genial bed remain’, Edmund Spenser, Epithalamion 1595).
It later developed in Latin to ‘pleasant, festive’.
=> general - genius (n.)
- late 14c., "tutelary or moral spirit" who guides and governs an inpidual through life, from Latin genius "guardian deity or spirit which watches over each person from birth; spirit, incarnation; wit, talent;" also "prophetic skill," originally "generative power" (or "inborn nature"), from PIE *gen(e)-yo-, from root *gene- "to produce, give birth, beget" (see genus). Sense of "characteristic disposition" of a person is from 1580s. Meaning "person of natural intelligence or talent" and that of "exalted natural mental ability" are first recorded 1640s.
中文词源
genius（天才）：古罗马神话中的守护神
根据古希腊神话，每一个人出生时都有一位介于神人之间的守护神被分派来终生守护在人的身边，而守护神的希腊文为 "daimon"，拉丁文则为 "genius"（birth），即发生、起源、诞生之意。古罗马神话里的守护神之所以称为Genius就是因为他在一个新生命诞生时方才出现。gen-这个拉丁词根所代表的第一个含意即“起源、诞生”。善良的人们对神寄予厚望，乞盼在婴儿呱呱落地时这位守护之神能赐给孩子优秀品质、非凡的能力。久而久之，守护神的名字genius就成了天才、天赋的代名词。
genius：['dʒiːnɪəs]n.天才、天赋
genie：['dʒiːnɪ] n.精灵，妖怪
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：genius 词源，genius 含义。
来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate.原义为守护精灵，传说中每个人出生时都会有守护精灵相伴而生，并一生陪伴成长，引申义天资。参考电影《黄金罗盘》。
词根词缀： -gen-生(殖) + -i- + -us名词词尾
