gamut的词源
英文词源
- gamut
- gamut: [15] Gamut began life as a medieval musical term. The 11th-century French-born musical theorist Guido d’Arezzo devised the ‘hexachord’, a six-note scale used for sightreading music (and forerunner of the modern tonic sol-fa). The notes were mnemonically named ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la (after, according to legend, syllables in a Latin hymn to St John: ‘Ut queant laxis resonāre fibris Mira gestorum famuli tuorum, Solve polluti labii reatum’ – ‘Absolve the crime of the polluted lip in order that the slaves may be able with relaxed chords to praise with sound your marvellous deeds’).
The note below the lowest note (ut) became known as gamma-ut (gamma, the name of the Greek equivalent of g, having been used in medieval notation for the note bottom G). And in due course gamma-ut, or by contraction in English gamut, came to be applied to the whole scale, and hence figuratively to any ‘complete range’ (an early 17th-century development).
- gamut (n.)
- 1520s, "low G, lowest note in the medieval musical scale" (the system of notation devised by Guido d'Arezzo), a contraction of Medieval Latin gamma ut, from gamma, the Greek letter, used in medieval music notation to indicate the note below the A which began the classical scale, + ut (now do), the low note on the six-note musical scale that took names from syllables sung to those notes in a Latin sapphic hymn for St. John the Baptist's Day:
Ut queant laxis resonare fibris
Mira gestorum famuli tuorum,
Solve pollutis labiis reatum,
Sancte Iohannes.
The ut being the conjunction "that." Gamut also was used for "range of notes of a voice or instrument" (1630s), also "the whole musical scale," hence the figurative sense of "entire scale or range" of anything, first recorded 1620s. When the modern octave scale was set early 16c., si was added, changed to ti in Britain and U.S. to keep the syllables as different from each other as possible. Ut later was replaced by more sonorous do (n.). See also solmization.
中文词源
gamut（全音阶）：意大利音乐教育家圭多的六声音阶中的最低音阶
11世纪时，意大利教士和音乐教师，阿雷佐的奎多（Guido d'Arezzo）对记谱法进行了改革，他把原来的红线和黄线加上两条黑线，变成了四线谱表，使音高记谱更准确。为了使视唱容易，他使用圣约翰赞美诗的6行诗词每行开头的第 1个音节（ut、re、mi、fa、sol、la）作为六声音阶的阶名唱法来教学生，从而诞生了六声音阶的六个唱名ut、re、mi、fa、sol、la，成为阶名唱法的基础。在四线谱表中，奎多将最低的一个音阶（即ut）放在最下面的线上。由于四线谱表中最下面的一条线是用希腊字母Γ（gamma）来称呼的，所以最低的音阶在英语中就被称为gamma ut，后来缩写为gamut，词义也发生了变化，从“最低的音阶”变成了“所有音阶、全音阶”。
约1600年法国采用圭多的唱名法，增加了以si作为B的固定唱名，从而产生了七声音阶的七个唱名ut、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si。17世纪50年代，有人觉得ut发音不够响亮，用do取代ut，从而七个唱名演变为do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si。音乐入门所使用的“哆来咪”指的就是这些音阶唱名。
gamut： ['gæmət] n.全音阶，全音域，整个范围
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：gamut 词源，gamut 含义。
缩写自拉丁语gamma ut. gamma, 希腊字母G，用于音乐术语低G音。ut, 即现在的do音。原指音阶范围，全音阶，后词义通用化。
