fresh的词源
英文词源
- fresh
- fresh: [12] Fresh is of Germanic origin, but in its present form reached English via French. Its ultimate source was the prehistoric Germanic adjective *friskaz, which also produced German frisch, Dutch vers, Swedish färsk, and possibly English frisk [16]. It was borrowed into the common source of the Romance languages as *friscus, from which came French frais and Italian and Spanish fresco (the Italian form gave English fresco [16], painting done on ‘fresh’ – that is, still wet – plaster, and alfresco [18], literally ‘in the fresh air’).
English acquired fresh from the Old French predecessor of frais, freis. The colloquial sense ‘making presumptuous sexual advances’, first recorded in the USA in the mid 19th century, probably owes much to German frech ‘cheeky’.
=> alfresco, fresco, frisk - fresh (adj.1)
- c. 1200, fresh, also fersh, "unsalted; pure; sweet; eager;" the modern form is a metathesis of Old English fersc, of water, "not salt, unsalted," itself transposed from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (cognates: Old Frisian fersk, Middle Dutch versch, Dutch vers, Old High German frisc, German frisch "fresh"). Probably cognate with Old Church Slavonic presinu "fresh," Lithuanian preskas "sweet."
Sense of "new, recent" is from c. 1300; that of "not stale or worn" is from early 14c.; of memories from mid-14c. The metathesis, and the expanded Middle English senses of "new," "pure," "eager" probably are by influence of (or from) Old French fres (fem. fresche; Modern French frais "fresh, cool"), which is from Proto-Germanic *frisko-, and thus related to the English word. The Germanic root also is the source of Italian and Spanish fresco. Related: Freshly. Fresh pursuit in law is pursuit of the wrong-doer while the crime is fresh. - fresh (adj.2)
- "impudent, presumptuous," or as Century Dictionary puts it, "verdant and conceited," 1848, U.S. slang, probably from German frech "insolent, cheeky," from Old High German freh "covetous," related to Old English frec "greedy, bold" (see freak (n.2)).
中文词源
来自PIE*preisk, 新鲜的，有活力的，进一步来自PIE*preu, 蹦，跳，词源同frog, frolic. 并由此引申诸多词义。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：fresh 词源，fresh 含义。
来源于史前日耳曼语friskaz,经由古法语frais或freis进入英语为fresh;德语frisch为同源词。
