frank的词源
英文词源
- frank
- frank: [13] To call someone frank is to link them with the Germanic people who conquered Gaul around 500 AD, the Franks, who gave their name to modern France and the French. After the conquest, full political freedom was granted only to ethnic Franks or to those of the subjugated Celts who were specifically brought under their protection. Hence, franc came to be used as an adjective meaning ‘free’ – a sense it retained when English acquired it from Old French: ‘He was frank and free born in a free city’, John Tiptoft, Julius Caesar’s commentaries 1470.
In both French and English, however, it gradually progressed semantically via ‘liberal, generous’ and ‘open’ to ‘candid’. Of related words in English, frankincense [14] comes from Old French franc encens, literally ‘superior incense’ (‘superior’ being a now obsolete sense of French franc), and franc [14], the French unit of currency, comes from the Latin phrase Francorum rex ‘king of the Franks’, which appeared on the coins minted during the reign of Jean le Bon (1350–64).
The Franks, incidentally, supposedly got their name from their preferred weapon, the throwing spear, in Old English franca.
=> french - frank (adj.)
- c. 1300, "free, liberal, generous;" 1540s, "outspoken," from Old French franc "free (not servile); without hindrance, exempt from; sincere, genuine, open, gracious, generous; worthy, noble, illustrious" (12c.), from Medieval Latin francus "free, at liberty, exempt from service," as a noun, "a freeman, a Frank" (see Frank).
A generalization of the tribal name; the connection is that Franks, as the conquering class, alone had the status of freemen in a world that knew only free, captive, or slave. For sense connection of "being one of the nation" and "free," compare Latin liber "free," from the same root as German Leute "nation, people" (see liberal (adj.)) and Slavic "free" words (Old Church Slavonic svobodi, Polish swobodny, Serbo-Croatian slobodan) which are cognates of the first element in English sibling "brother, sister" (in Old English used more generally: "relative, kinsman"). - Frank (n.)
- one of the Germanic tribal people (Salian Franks) situated on the lower Rhine from 3c. that conquered Romano-Celtic northern Gaul c.500 C.E.; from their territory and partly from their language grew modern France and French. Old English franc, franca "freeman, noble; Frank, Frenchman," from Medieval Latin francus, a Late Latin borrowing of Frankish *Frank, the people's self-designation (cognate with Old High German Franko, the Latin word also is the source of Spanish and Italian names Franco).
The origin of the ethnic name is uncertain; it traditionally is said to be from the old Germanic word *frankon "javelin, lance" (compare Old English franca "lance, javelin"), their preferred weapon, but the reverse may be the case. Compare also Saxon, traditionally from root of Old English seax "knife." The adjectival sense of "free, at liberty" (see frank (adj.)) probably developed from the tribal name, not the other way round. It was noted by 1680s that, in the Levant, this was the name given to anyone of Western nationality (compare Feringhee and lingua franca). - frank (n.)
- short for frankfurter, by 1916, American English. Franks and beans attested by 1953.
- frank (v.)
- "to free a letter for carriage or an article for publication, to send by public conveyance free of expense," 1708, from shortened form of French affranchir, from a- "to" + franchir "to free" (see franchise (v.)). A British parliamentary privilege from 1660-1840; in U.S. Congress, technically abolished 1873. Related: Franked; franking. As a noun, "signature of one entitled to send letters for free," from 1713.
中文词源
frank（直率的）：直率的法兰克人
法兰克人（Frank）是欧洲民族大迁徙时期入侵罗马帝国的日耳曼民族的一支，因为最初居住在莱因河北部法兰西亚（Francia）地区而得名。他们建立了中世纪初期欧洲最大的基督教王国，其领土涵盖了当今的法国和德国。法国的国名France也是源自Frank。
法兰克人性格粗犷豪放，对人坦诚，说话直言不讳。十字军第一次东征时，当时的东罗马皇帝的女儿在其著作《亚历克西亚德》就描写了一位法兰克贵族。当时，在朝见东罗马皇帝时，所有的十字军贵族都站着，只有一名法兰克贵族大大咧咧地坐在一把椅子上。带队的国王赶紧让他站起来，他还嘟囔着为啥皇帝一个人坐着。皇帝后来问他的家乡和出身，他毫不谦虚地说自己是法兰克人，出身贵族，还说自己在老家从未遇到敢向他挑战的人。正因为法兰克人这种鲜明的个性，英语单词frank逐渐衍生了“直率的、坦白的”的意思。
frank： [fræŋk]adj.坦白的，直率的，老实的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：frank 词源，frank 含义。
frank：坦率的，真诚的，优雅的
来自Frank, 法兰克人，部落名。在公元五世纪，整个西欧仍处在一种野蛮的部落时代，整个社会被分成自由人，俘虏，和奴隶三个等级，而Frank人做为战胜级，享受唯一的自由权。后部落名通用化，赋予诸多美好的词义，如自由的，高贵的，美丽的，优雅的，大方的，真诚的等。后主要用于坦率的，其它词义逐渐废弃。参照电影《庞贝末日》。
可能来自old Germanic*frankon, 标枪，词源可能同fork. 比较Saxon, 词源同sax, 斧头。
