fortnight的词源

英文词源

fortnight

fortnight: [13] The ancient Germanic peoples recorded the passing of time in units of ‘nights’ rather than, as we do, in units of ‘days’: hence a period of two weeks was in Old English fēowertīene niht, or ‘fourteen nights’. By early Middle English times this was starting to be contracted to the single word fortnight. (The parallel sennight ‘week’ [15] – literally ‘seven nights’ – survived dialectally into the 20th century.)
=> fourteen

fortnight (n.)

"period of two weeks," 17c. contraction of Middle English fourteniht, from Old English feowertyne niht, literally "fourteen nights," preserving the ancient Germanic custom of reckoning by nights (mentioned by Tacitus in "Germania" xi). Related: Fortnightly.

中文词源

fortnight：两星期

缩写自古英语fourteniht, 即fourteen night. 来自古日耳曼民族用夜计时间的风俗习惯。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：fortnight 词源，fortnight 含义。

fortnight：十四日，两星期

从词形来看fortnight释义为“十四日”或“两星期”，确实使人有点不可理解。追根溯源，fort乃fourteen之缩略，而fortnight原为两个词，中世纪英语作fourte（n）nicht，古英语作feowertiene niht，相当于今天的fourteen nights（十四夜）。fortnight正是由此演变缩略而来的。英语尚有一词sennight／se'nnight（相当于seven nights，意为“七天”），在结构上同它非常相似。这两个词的历史至少和书面英语一样悠久。从日落开始算一天的习惯古已有之。古希腊人、巴比伦人、波斯人和希伯来人均有这种习惯，而这种以夜不以日计量时间的表达方式则被认为来源于古时的德国。我们在《圣经》《旧约·创世纪》中就可找到evening先于morning排列的英语短语：“The evening and the morning were the first day…”现在sennight在整个英语世界已经废弃不用，而fortnight在英国仍十分通用，但美国人一般代之以two weeks，只是在受过教育的人当中还偶而可以听到。