fetish的词源
英文词源
- fetish
- fetish: [17] Fetish is a doublet of factitious: that is to say, the two words have a common origin, but have subsequently perged widely. Both come ultimately from Latin factītius ‘made by art’, an adjective derived from the past participle of facere ‘do, make’ (whence English effect, fact, fashion, among a host of other related words).
Its Portuguese descendant, feitiço, was used as a noun meaning ‘charm, sorcery’. French took this over as fétiche and passed it on to English, where it was used in the concrete sense ‘charm, amulet’, particularly as worshipped by various West African peoples. ‘Object irrationally or obsessively venerated’ is a 19th-century semantic development.
=> effect, fact, factory, fashion - fetish (n.)
- "material object regarded with awe as having mysterious powers or being the representative of a deity that may be worshipped through it," 1610s, fatisso, from Portuguese feitiço "charm, sorcery, allurement," noun use of an adjective meaning "artificial."
The Portuguese adjective is from Latin facticius "made by art, artificial," from facere "to make, do, produce, etc." (see factitious, and compare French factice "artificial," restored from Old French faitise, from Latin facticius). Via the French word, Middle English had fetis, fetice (adj.) "cleverly made, neat, elegant" (of things), "handsome, pretty, neat" (of persons). But in the Middle Ages the Romanic derivatives of the word took on magical senses; compare Portuguese feiticeria "sorcery, witchcraft," feiticeiro "sorcerer, wizard." Latin facticius in Spanish has become hechizo "artificial, imitated," also "bewitchment, fascination."
The specific Portuguese use of the word that brought it to English probably began among Portuguese sailors and traders who used the word as a name for charms and talismans worshipped by the inhabitants of the Guinea coast of Africa. It was picked up and popularized in anthropology by Charles de Brosses' "Du culte des dieux fétiches" (1760), which influenced the word's spelling in English (French fétiche also is borrowed 18c. from the Portuguese word).
Any material image of a religious idea is an idol; a material object in which force is supposed to be concentrated is a Fetish; a material object, or a class of material objects, plants, or animals, which is regarded by man with superstitious respect, and between whom and man there is supposed to exist an invisible but effective force, is a Totem. [J. Fitzgerald Lee, "The Greater Exodus," London, 1903]
Figurative sense of "something irrationally revered, object of blind devotion" appears to be an extension made by the New England Transcendentalists (1837). For sexual sense (1897), see fetishism.
中文词源
fetish（恋物）：非洲原始部落的实物崇拜
在西非和中非的一些原始部落流行传统的实物崇拜，这是一种非常原始的宗教。这些原始部落由于对自然现象缺乏理解，以为许多物体如石块、木片、树枝、弓箭等具有灵性，并赋以神秘的、超自然的性质，以及支配人的命运的力量。他们将这种灵性物品制作成护身符，或当成偶像来进行崇拜。
最初来到西非的葡萄牙航海家、水手和商人接触这些非洲原始部落后，将他们所崇拜的这些护身符或偶像称为feitiço，意思是“人造的”，来自拉丁语facticius（人造的）。1760年，著名人类学家查尔斯·德·布霍斯（Charles De Brosses）在其著作中提到了非洲原始部落的这种实物崇拜，并在葡萄牙语feitiço的基础上构造了法语fétiche，英语单词fetish正是来源于此。
在宗教领域，fetish表示“实物崇拜，拜物”；在心理学领域，fetish表示“恋物”。
fetish：['fetɪʃ] n.恋物，恋物癖；拜物，偶像
fetishism：['fiːtɪʃɪzəm] n.恋物癖，恋物症；拜物教
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：fetish 词源，fetish 含义。
来自葡萄牙语feitico, 有魔力的物品，护身符。来自词根fact, 做，制造，词源同do, fact.
原为葡萄牙海员出海时所携带的护身符。后词义引申为神物，癖好，特指心理上的依恋。
