farce的词源

英文词源

farce

farce: [14] Farce originally meant ‘stuff’ (widening gastronomic knowledge in the late 20th century has made us more familiar with its French cousin farcir ‘stuff’, and the force- of forcemeat [17] is the same word). It came via Old French farsir from Latin farcīre ‘stuff’. The Latin verb was used in the Middle Ages for the notion of inserting additional passages into the text of the Mass, and hence to padding out any text. A particular application was the insertion of impromptu, usually comical interludes into religious plays, which had led by the 16th century to something approaching the modern meaning of farce.
=> forcemeat

farce (n.)

late 14c., "force-meat, stuffing;" 1520s, in the dramatic sense "ludicrous satire; low comedy," from Middle French farce "comic interlude in a mystery play" (16c.), literally "stuffing," from Old French farcir "to stuff," (13c.), from Latin farcire "to stuff, cram," which is of uncertain origin, perhaps from PIE *bhrekw- "to cram together," and thus related to frequens "crowded."

... for a farce is that in poetry which grotesque is in a picture. The persons and action of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners false, that is, inconsisting with the characters of mankind. [Dryden, "A Parallel of Poetry and Painting"]

According to OED and other sources, the pseudo-Latin farsia was applied 13c. in France and England to praise phrases inserted into liturgical formulae (for example between kyrie and eleison) at the principal festivals, then in Old French farce was extended to the impromptu buffoonery among actors that was a feature of religious stage plays. Generalized sense of "a ridiculous sham" is from 1690s in English.

中文词源

farce（闹剧）：宗教仪式或戏剧中临时插入的内容

在13、14世纪，在欧洲的教堂仪式中，常在吟诵经文之间插入一些解说或激励人的话语，这些经文中没有、另外插入的话语就被称为farce。该词来自拉丁语farcire，本意是“插入、填充”。宗教戏剧流行后，在表演传统剧目时，演员往往会将当地最近发生的新闻作为素材，插入到戏剧中进行插科打诨。这种用来插科打诨的内容也被称为farce。由于这种farce往往是滑稽可笑的，表演时特别夸张，因此farce就产生了“闹剧、胡闹”的含义。

与farce同源的单词还有infarct（梗塞）、infarction等单词。

farce：[fɑːs] n.闹剧，笑剧，胡闹

infarct：['ɪnfɑːkt; ɪn'fɑːkt] n.梗塞，梗死

infarction：[ɪn'fɑːkʃ(ə)n] n. 梗塞，梗死

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：farce 词源，farce 含义。

farce：闹剧

来自拉丁语farcire, 塞进，填塞，词源同force-meat. 可能来自PIE*ger, 塞，充满，词源同cram, crowd. 后用于指大杂烩，闹剧。