explode的词源
英文词源
- explode
- explode: [16] The use of explode to mean ‘burst with destructive force’ is a comparatively recent, late 19th-century development. The Latin verb explōdere, from which it comes, signified something quite different – ‘drive off the stage with hisses and boos’ (it was a compound formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and plaudere ‘clap’, source of English applaud and plaudits).
From this developed the figurative sense ‘reject, disapprove’, which was how the word was used when it was first taken over into English: ‘Not that I wholly explode Astrology; I believe there is something in it’, Thomas Tryon, Miscellanea 1696 (the modern notion of ‘exploding a theory’ is descended from this usage). In the 17th century, however, the Latin verb’s original sense was reintroduced, and it survived into the 19th century: ‘In the playhouse when he doth wrong, no critic is so apt to hiss and explode him’, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones 1749.
Towards the end of the 17th century we find the first traces of a metaphorical use that combines the notion of ‘driving out, expelling’ with ‘loud noise’ (‘the effects of Lightning, exploded from the Clouds’, Robert Plot, Natural History of Staffordshire 1679), but it was not to be for more than a century that the meaning element ‘drive out’ was replaced by the ‘burst, shatter’ of present-day English explode (Dr Johnson makes no mention of it in his Dictionary 1755, for example) Today the notion of ‘bursting violently’ is primary, that of ‘loud noise’ probably secondary, although still present.
=> applause, plaudits - explode (v.)
- 1530s (transitive), "to reject with scorn," from Latin explodere "drive out or off by clapping, hiss off, hoot off," originally theatrical, "to drive an actor off the stage by making noise," hence "drive out, reject, destroy the repute of" (a sense surviving in an exploded theory), from ex- "out" (see ex-) + plaudere "to clap the hands, applaud," which is of uncertain origin. Athenian audiences were highly demonstrative. clapping and shouting approval, stamping, hissing, and hooting for disapproval. The Romans seem to have done likewise.
At the close of the performance of a comedy in the Roman theatre one of the actors dismissed the audience, with a request for their approbation, the expression being usually plaudite, vos plaudite, or vos valete et plaudite. [William Smith, "A First Latin Reading Book," 1890]
English used it to mean "drive out with violence and sudden noise" (1650s), later "cause to burst suddenly and noisily" (1794). Intransitive sense of "go off with a loud noise" is from 1790, American English; figurative sense of "to burst with destructive force" is by 1882; that of "burst into sudden activity" is from 1817; of population by 1959. Related: Exploded; exploding.
中文词源
explode（爆炸）：通过噪声把演员轰下台
古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，喜欢毫不掩饰地当场表达自己的喜爱或反感情绪。他们通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏，而在不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。英语单词explode的本意就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。它来自拉丁语explodere，由ex（out，出去）+ plaudere（鼓掌、欢呼）构成。
在17世纪时，explode一词在英语中的意思是“通过暴力或突然的噪声将其赶出去”，与其本意差不多。到了18世纪后期，词义慢慢变为“使其突然而又大声地爆发”，后来才完全转变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
explode：[ɪk'spləʊd; ek-] vi.爆炸，爆发，激增vt.使爆炸，炸开，打碎，推翻
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：explode 词源，explode 含义。
ex-, 向外。-plod, 拍掌声，爆炸声，词源同implode.
古罗马人在观看演出时，如果不喜欢的话，就会发嘘声喝倒彩，把表演者轰下台。用拉丁语来说，“把（演员、歌手等）轰下台”就是explodere，它由前缀ex-‘out’和动词plaudere‘clap’（拍手喝彩）即applaud，plaudit二词的词源组合而成。英语explode一词即源于该拉丁词，所以原先也用丁此义，而且一直沿用到17世纪。我们从当时评论家的评论中还可找出像They exploded him off the stage这样的句子。explode的今义“（使）爆炸”始用于18世纪。在英国词典编纂家贝利（Nathan Bailey，？ - 1742）和约翰逊(SamueL Johnson，1709 - 1784)所编词典里尚未见explode这一词条注有此义。第一个被《牛津英语词典》引用的例子是美国政治家莫里斯(Gouverneur Morris，1752 - 1816)在1790年说的一句话：All Europe is like a mine ready to explode.（整个欧洲就像是一座随时要爆炸的矿井。）
来源于拉丁语中由ex-(出)和基本动词plaudere(拍手)组成的复合动词explodere,原始意义是“喝倒彩赶演员下台”,发展为“反对、赶出、大声驱赶”,后被“爆炸”的意义替代。
词根词缀： ex-出 + -plod-爆裂 + -e
