dispense的词源
英文词源
- dispense
- dispense: [14] Dispense comes ultimately from Latin dispendere ‘weigh out’ (partial source of English spend). This was a compound verb formed from the prefix dis- ‘away’ and pendere ‘weigh’, a relative of pendēre ‘hang’, from which English gets pendulum, pendant, and penthouse. It had a derivative, dispensāre, denoting repeated action: hence ‘pay out, distribute’, senses which passed into English via Old French dispenser. In medieval Latin dispensāre also came to mean ‘administer justice’, and hence ‘exempt, condone’; this was the source of the English usage dispense with ‘do without’.
=> pendulum, pendant, penthouse, spend - dispense (v.)
- early 14c., from Old French dispenser "give out" (13c.), from Latin dispensare "disburse, administer, distribute (by weight)," frequentative of dispendere "pay out," from dis- "out" (see dis-) + pendere "to pay, weigh" (see pendant).
In Medieval Latin, dispendere was used in the ecclesiastical sense of "grant license to do what is forbidden or omit what is required" (a power of popes, bishops, etc.), and thus acquired a sense of "grant remission from punishment or exemption from law," hence "to do away with" (1570s), "do without" (c. 1600). Older sense is preserved in dispensary. Related: Dispensed; dispensing.
中文词源
dis-, 分开，散开。-pens, 悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum, pound. 即称量，分发。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：dispense 词源，dispense 含义。
dispense（豁免）：基督教会发放特许证的行为
英语单词dispense来自拉丁语dispensare，是dispendere的反复动词形式，由dis（out）和pendere（称重）构成，字面意思就是“按重量分发”，因此英语单词dispense的本意就是“分发、分配”，并由此派生出dispenser（分配者、药剂师、自动售货机）和dispensary（药房、诊疗所、防治站）等单词。然而，在辞典中，dispense还有另一个更加常用的词义，即“豁免、免除”。这个词义是怎么产生的呢？原来，在中世纪的基督教会中，教会和主教有权分发一种特许状，拥有这种许可的人享有特权，可以做一些原本禁止做的事，或免做一些原本必须要做的事。拉丁语dispendere常被用来表示这种特许状的分发。由于这种特许状能够“豁免、免除”持有人罪过或责任的，因此dispendere一词也就衍生出“豁免、免除”之意，源自该词的英语单词dispense自然也就继承了这一义项。
dispense：[dɪ'spens] v.分发，分配；豁免，免除
dispenser：[dɪ'spensə] n.分发者，分配者，药剂师，自动售货机
dispensary：[dɪ'spens(ə)rɪ] n.药房、诊疗所、防治站（分发药品的地方）
词根词缀： dis-否定 + -pens-支付 + -e动词词尾
