Saturday的词源
英文词源
- Saturday
- Saturday: [OE] Saturday is etymologically ‘Saturn’s day’. Old English Sæterdæg was short for Sæternes dæg, a translation of Latin Sāturnī diēs ‘Saturn’s day’. Saturn [OE] itself, as the name of both the god and the planet, comes from Latin Sāturnus, which may have been of Etruscan origin. In ancient Rome, the festival held in honour of Saturn, which took place in December, was the occasion for fairly uninhibited revelry.
It was called the Sāturnālia, which English acquired as saturnalia [16]. Those born under Saturn, by contrast, were considered by ancient and medieval astrologers to be of gloomy temperament – hence the adjective saturnine [15].
=> saturn, saturnalia, saturnine - Saturday (n.)
- seventh day of the week, Old English sæterdæg, sæternesdæg, literally "day of the planet Saturn," from Sæternes (genitive of Sætern; see Saturn) + Old English dæg (see day). Partial loan-translation of Latin Saturni dies "Saturn's day" (compare Dutch Zaterdag, Old Frisian Saterdi, Middle Low German Satersdach; Irish dia Sathuirn, Welsh dydd Sadwrn). The Latin word itself is a loan-translation of Greek kronou hemera, literally "the day of Cronus."
Unlike other English day names, no god substitution seems to have been attempted, perhaps because the northern European pantheon lacks a clear corresponding figure to Roman Saturn. A homely ancient Nordic custom, however, seems to be preserved in Old Norse laugardagr, Danish lørdag, Swedish lördag "Saturday," literally "bath day" (Old Norse laug "bath").
German Samstag (Old High German sambaztag) appears to be from a Greek *sambaton, a nasalized colloquial form of sabbaton "sabbath," also attested in Old Church Slavonic sabota, Polish sobota, Russian subbota, Hungarian szombat, French samedi.
Saturday night has been used figuratively to suggest "drunkenness and looseness in relations between the young men and young women" since at least mid-19c. Saturday-night special "cheap, low-caliber handgun" is American English, attested from 1976 (earlier Saturday-night pistol, 1929).
中文词源
Saturday（星期六）：罗马神话中的农神萨杜恩
星期六 Saturday 的字面意思是：Saturn's day 或 day of Saturn，意思是“农神节、纪念农神的节日”。
萨杜恩 Saturn 是罗马神话中的农业之神，相当于希腊神话中的克洛诺斯，罗马神话中的朱庇特（Jupiter）就是他的儿子，后来他的这位儿子造反，推翻了他的统治，成为了新一代的天界霸主、众神之王，于是天文学家将最大的一颗行星冠以其名，这颗最大的行星就是木星（Jupiter），土星（Saturn）紧挨着木星，从神明上讲老爹挨在儿子身旁，完全符合逻辑。据说萨杜恩在被朱庇特推翻后逃到了拉丁姆，并教会了那里的人民耕种土地；这就是罗马农业的由来。
每年12月17日古罗马人都要举行农神节（Saturnalia），纵情狂欢，农神节是古罗马的一个大型的祭祀活动，相当于中国的庙会，纪念农神、向农神祈福，保佑一年风调雨顺，国泰民安。在古罗马，农神节可以说是一年中最欢快的节日。在农神节期间，一切工作与商业交易都暂停了，而奴隶也被给与短暂的自由做他们想做的事情。而一些传统的道德规范也被放宽，人们也可以自由的交换节日礼物。
除此以外，古罗马人还以农神的大名来命名一星期的最后一天，拉丁文作 Saturni dies “Saturn's day”，意即“day of Saturn”，以示对农神的纪念和敬意，英语Saturday（星期六）即由此借译而来，在古英语原作Saeterdaeg。
Saturday：['sætədɪ] n. 星期六
Saturn：['sætən] n. 萨杜恩(农业之神，相当于希腊神话中的克洛诺斯)；土星(太阳系第六行星)
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：Saturday 词源，Saturday 含义。
Saturn是古罗马的农神,农神日(dies Saturni)在古英语中是Saeterdaeg → Saturday。
缩写自古英语 saeternesdaeg,即 Saturn's day.拼写比较 Tuesday,Thursday.
