Norman的词源
英文词源
- Norman
- Norman: [13] Etymologically, the Normans were and are ‘men of the north’, a reference to the Scandinavians who settled in northern France in the 9th century and whose possession of the region, under their leader Rollo, was officially recognized by the French king in 911. The word originated in Old Norse northmathr, literally ‘northman’. In Old French that became normant or normand. That had a brief currency in English in the Middle Ages, but it was its plural form normans, shorn of its -s, that provided the standard modern English term.
- Norman (n.)
- c. 1200, "one of the mixed Scandinavian-Frankish people who conquered England in 1066," from Old French Normanz, plural of Normand, Normant, literally "North man," from a Scandinavian word meaning "northman" (see Norse), in reference to the Scandinavian people who overran and occupied Normandy 10c. Later meaning "one of the Norman French who conquered England in 1066." As an adjective from 1580s. As a style of architecture, developed in Normandy and employed in England after the conquest, it is attested from 1797. Norseman (1817) is not historical and appears to be due to Scott.
中文词源
Norman（诺曼人）：不请自来，占领法国一角的“北方人”
从公元8世纪起，来自北欧的维京海盗不断南下，掠夺英国和欧洲大陆的沿海地区，还溯流而上，进犯内地。当时统治法国的卡洛林王朝衰落无能，无力抵抗维京海盗的侵犯。因此，公园911年，法王查理三世（傻瓜查理）与海盗头子罗洛签署协议，将法国鲁昂周围的土地和塞纳河口出让给维京人，并册封罗洛为公爵统治该地。从此，罗洛等人停止掠夺法国，开始经营这块土地。法国人称这些定居在该地区的维京人为Normand，复数形式为Normanz，字面意思就是“north man”（北方人）。英语单词Norman（诺曼人）就来自法语Normanz，诺曼人所居住的地区被称为Normandy（诺曼底）。
尽管诺曼人最后放弃了海盗勾当，改信了基督教，他们仍保留了其海盗祖先维京人的许多特质。他们表现一种极度不安鲁莽的气质、近乎愚勇的好战精神。诺曼人在随后扩张至欧洲其他地区的行动中，创下冒险作战的惊人纪录，常常仅以一小撮人征服数倍的敌人。其中最重要的是1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英国，他征服英国后成为英国国王，这就是英国历史上有名的“诺曼征服”（Norman Conquest）。也就是说，从此以后，历朝历代统治英国的，其实都是北欧海盗的后代。
Norman：['nɔ:mən] n.诺曼人adj.诺曼人的，诺曼语的
Normandy：['nɔ:mən'di] n.诺曼底
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：Norman 词源，Norman 含义。
即Northman，北方人，主要用于指北欧人。
诺曼底人原本来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元十世纪，他们在法国西北部定居，接纳法语，形成了自己的文化并建立了诺曼底公国。公元1006年，诺曼底公爵率领军队征服英国并建立诺曼底王朝，史称“诺曼底征服”。诺曼底征服并没有导致大量诺曼底人迁移至英国，到英国来的诺曼底人大部分是统治者或征服者，这使得英语保存下来并成为大多数英国人尤其是下层民众的语言；而诺曼底语作为统治者的语言，只在上流社会及文学作品中被应用，成为一种社会地位的标志。
