February的词源
英文词源
- February




- February: [13] Etymologically, February is the ‘month of purification’. The word comes via Old French feverier and late Latin febrārius from Latin februārius (English reintroduced the Latin -ruar- spelling in the 14th century). This was a derivative of februa, a word borrowed into Latin from the language of the ancient Sabine people of Italy which was used to designate a festival of purification held on 15 February.
- February (n.)




- late 14c., ultimately from Latin februarius mensis "month of purification," from februare "to purify," from februa "purifications, expiatory rites" (plural of februum "means of purification, expiatory offerings"), which is of uncertain origin, said to be a Sabine word. De Vaan says from Proto-Italic *f(w)esro-, from a PIE word meaning "the smoking" or "the burning" (thus possibly connected with fume (n.)). The sense then could be either purification by smoke or a burnt offering.
The last month of the ancient (pre-450 B.C.E.) Roman calendar, so named in reference to the Roman feast of purification, held on the ides of the month. The Old English name for it was solmonað "mud month." English first borrowed the Roman name from Old French Feverier, which yielded Middle English Feverer, Feoverel, etc. (c. 1200) before the 14c. respelling to conform to Latin.
中文词源
在基督教传入罗马之前,每年2月13日至15日,古罗马人都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆牧神节(Lupercalia)。人们将这一天看作是一年的开始,因此,人们忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人,同时也希望洗掉一切晦气和烦恼,在新的一年得到好运和好收成。这一天,人们还会象征性地用羊皮鞭抽打那些希望怀孕的妇女,以象征净化妇女的身体,使其更加容易受孕和生产。除此以外,人们还将年轻女子们的名字被放置于盒子内,然后年轻男子上前抽取。抽中的一对男女成为情人,时间是一年或更长。该节日是情人节的前身,基督教成为罗马国教后,才被情人节代替。
由于人们在牧神节要进行净化仪式,所以该节又被称为Februalia(净化节,菲勃卢姆节),来自拉丁语februa(净化)。英语单词February(二月),便是由拉丁文Februarius(month of Februalia)演变而来。
February: ['fɛbrʊ'ɛri] n.二月
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:February 词源,February 含义。
来自拉丁语februarius mensis, 净月,来自februa, 净化,净礼,来自PIE*dhegh, 燃烧,词源同day, fever. 由燃烧引申词义净化,使干净。后用于古罗马在二月举行的净化仪式,一种春天的沐浴清洗仪式。
古罗马每年举行宗教仪式祭祀畜牧神卢佩耳枯斯(Lupercus)以求人畜土地兴旺,这一节日叫做牧神节(Lupercalia)。仪式是在巴勒登丘(the Palatine)的卢佩耳卡尔洞(Lupercal)即牧神洞举行的。祭品规定为雌雄山羊各一只。献祭以后,祭司把祭牲的皮切成皮条,交与站在祭坛旁的两个青年。然后由他们手执皮条绕着巴勒登丘在城里跑上一圈,逢人便抽,已婚妇女很愿挨上一下,因为她们相信能被抽打一下可治不育之症。这种皮条有个特殊名称,拉丁文叫februa,它古有“涤罪工具”(means of purification)之意,由此产生了februarius(净月)。一词。2月的英语名称February即源于此,这是因为该活动于2月举行的缘故。另有一种传说,February得名于Februaria,这是天后朱诺(Juno)作为丰产女神被赋予的名称。February原先有29天,罗马元老院从该月抽了 l天加到以罗马皇帝Augustus Caesar命名的August(八月),使其和以Julius Caesar(恺撒大帝)命名的July(七月)的天数相同。
萨宾人(Sabine)是古代意大利中部一民族,公元前3世纪被罗马征服。拉丁语februa借用于古代萨宾语,指代每年二月15号的“净节”。februa经由古法语进入英语成为February,因此从词源上讲February原始意义是“净月”。