Eirene的词源

英文词源

siren

siren: [14] The Seirēnes were sea nymphs who, according to Greek mythology, sat on rocks luring impressionable sailors to their doom with the sweetness of their singing. Latin took the word over as sīrēna, and it passed into English via Old French sereine. The term was applied to an acoustical instrument invented in 1819 by Cagniard de la Tour, that produced musical sounds and was used for measuring the frequency of sound waves, and it was this that formed the basis of its later use (in the 1870s) for a device for giving loud warning signals.

eirenic (adj.)

"tending toward or productive of peace," 1866, from Greek eirenikos, from eirene "peace, time of peace." Earlier as irenic (1864), irenical (1650s).

Irene

fem. proper name, from French Irène, from Latin Irene, from Greek Eirene, literally "peace, time of peace."

irenology (n.)

"study of peace," 1974, from Greek eirene "peace" + -ology. Related: Irenological.

peace (n.)

mid-12c., "freedom from civil disorder," from Anglo-French pes, Old French pais "peace, reconciliation, silence, permission" (11c., Modern French paix), from Latin pacem (nominative pax) "compact, agreement, treaty of peace, tranquility, absence of war" (source of Provençal patz, Spanish paz, Italian pace), from PIE *pag-/*pak- "fasten," related to pacisci "to covenant or agree" (see pact).

Replaced Old English frið, also sibb, which also meant "happiness." Modern spelling is 1500s, reflecting vowel shift. Sense in peace of mind is from c. 1200. Used in various greetings from c. 1300, from Biblical Latin pax, Greek eirene, which were used by translators to render Hebrew shalom, properly "safety, welfare, prosperity."

Sense of "quiet" is attested by 1300; meaning "absence or cessation of war or hostility" is attested from c. 1300. As a type of hybrid tea rose (developed 1939 in France by François Meilland), so called from 1944. Native American peace pipe is first recorded 1760. Peace-officer attested from 1714. Peace offering is from 1530s. Phrase peace with honor first recorded 1607 (in "Coriolanus"). The U.S. Peace Corps was set up March 1, 1962. Peace sign, both the hand gesture and the graphic, attested from 1968.

siren (n.)

mid-14c., "sea nymph who by her singing lures sailors to their destruction," from Old French sereine (12c., Modern French sirène) and directly from Latin Siren (Late Latin Sirena), from Greek Seiren ["Odyssey," xii.39 ff.], one of the Seirenes, mythical sisters who enticed sailors to their deaths with their songs, also in Greek "a deceitful woman," perhaps literally "binder, entangler," from seira "cord, rope."

Meaning "device that makes a warning sound" (on an ambulance, etc.) first recorded 1879, in reference to steamboats, perhaps from similar use of the French word. Figurative sense of "one who sings sweetly and charms" is recorded from 1580s. The classical descriptions of them were mangled in medieval translations and glosses, resulting in odd notions of what they looked like.

中文词源

Eirene：希腊神话中的和平女神厄瑞涅

时序三女神（The Horae, The Hours）是希腊神话中掌管自然秩序的三位女神，分别是狄刻（Dike，正义，对应“夏”）、欧诺弥亚（Eunomia，秩序，对应“春”）和厄瑞涅（Eirene，和平，对应“秋”）。她们是三姐妹，都是宙斯和正义女神忒弥斯（Themis）的女儿。厄瑞涅（Eirene）是时序三女神之一的和平女神，对应于罗马神话中的帕克斯（Pax），代表和平，是和平与财富的化身，通常被描绘为一个年轻漂亮的艺术妇女背着一个聚宝盆，手持权杖、火炬或角形杯。在赫西俄德的《神谱》中，作者将她称为“鲜花怒放的厄瑞涅（Blooming Eirene）”。

厄瑞涅是小财神普图鲁斯（Ploutos）的哺育者，也有的神话说是财神的母亲。对厄瑞涅的崇拜在雅典特别流行。在罗马的奥古斯都时代的马尔斯广场上专门为她建有祭坛，每年都会在这个地方为她举行盛大的祭祀活动。只是现在这一建筑已经荡然无存。只是在城内还放置有她的大理石雕像，其形象是一位年轻的妇女怀抱着年幼的普图鲁斯。在钱币上，她是一位少女，左手执象征丰饶的丰裕之角，右手持有象征和平的橄榄枝、赫耳墨斯的神杖或禾穗，有时也怀抱着小财神普图鲁斯。人类发现的第14颗小行星—司宁星就是以厄瑞涅的名字命名的。

和平女神厄瑞涅的名字Eirene在希腊语中的含义就是“和平”。英语单词irenic/eirenic就来自和平女神厄瑞涅的名字。

irenic：[aɪ'renɪk; -'riː-] adj.和平（主义）的，促使和解的，等于eirenic

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：Eirene 词源，Eirene 含义。